Oil burner



Jan. 17, 1928. 1,656,711

L. L. scon- OIL BURNER Filed March 20, 1926 VEN R' fiv-iwgYji w ATTORNEY Patented J... 17, 1928.

UNITED STATES LEWIS L. SCOTT, 01' 8'1. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

OIL BURNER.

Application filed larch 20, 1828. Serial No. 88,290.

This invention relates to oil burners as used for heating homes.

The object of my invention is to rovide a simple and effective means of ignitmg and burning heavy oil, without the formation of carbon on the fuel nozzle or ignition device or on the walls of the combustion chamber, or the surfaces of the furnace, which it is adapted to heat.

Another object of my invention is to provide 'a protector plate near the tip of the flame director to protect said flame director tip from the intense heat in the furnace, said protector plate to be made of a metal that will not be readily destroyed by high temperatures.

I have found that it is a very difficult matter to burn heavy oil without the formation .of carbon, either around the burner nozzle and ignition device, or on the walls of the combustion chamber, even when combustionis apparently clean and there is no smoke or odor from the burning oil. It is highly 'desir-able to not only avoid all carbon formation, but to be able to burn heavy oil in a smallcombustion chamber.

The burner head shown in my present application was evolved after hundreds of experiments were carried on, and it has been tested with oils rangingfrom 4.0 gravity to 27 gravity. Tests on this burner head show that it will burn allgrades of oil cleanly and without carbon formation, and the flame is very compact, thereby permitting its use in a small combustion chamber. If the fire is not compact and combustion is not completed in a small space, then there will be carbon formation on the walls of small combustion chambers in small furnaces, and the carbon will build up and cause very undesirable results. I have tested many variations of this combustion head and have been able, in most of them, to get good clean combustion and a clean condition around the nozzle and spark wires, but'there would be an unbalanced condition in the flame, and where it would touch the combustion chamber, carbon would form. If a change were made, in the attempt to balance the flame, then there was usually 1 a bad condition around the nozzle and spark wires. The main point of difference between my present invention and my application No. 51,979, is that the spark wires are carried by a part that is necessary for proper air distribution and there is no interference caused by a. support for the spark lugs. In some cases, I also provide a smal air plate, which plate assists in blowing the vapors and flame away from the nozzle and spark wires.

In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is a top view of my burner assembly, (shown partly'in section and with electric ignition removed), showing a diagram of the electric wiring.

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional of a modification of my burner head.

Fig. 3 is. a front view of burner shown in Flgure 2.

Figure 4 is a back end view of Fi re 2, shown in reduced size and with 011 diaphra m removed.

Re erring now to the drawing, the numeral 1 indicates an electric motor which operates a blower wheel 2 and an oil pump 3. The numeral 4 is a suction pipe running from pump 3 to an oil tank, not shown. 5 is the discharge from pump 3, which runs to casting 6, which casting connects to fuel spray nozzle 7. The pump 3 is adapted to force liquid fuel through nozzle 7, at from 20 to 100 pounds pressure, so that fuel will I be sprayed Into a very .fine fog-like mist. 8

is an air receiver which is connected to the blower casting 9 by the air pipe 10. By referring to Figure 4, it will be seen that the air receiver 8 is in the form of an involute curve and is adapted to rotate the air, which rotating air will pass into the outer flame director 11. The numeral 12 is a conical tip placed on the end of onterair director. The numeral 12" indicates a protector plate, (see Figure 1), which is secured in spaced relation to the conical tip 12. The numeral 13 indicates an air space between thetip 12 and the protector plate 12, said air space 13" may be filled with asbestos. 13 indicates a section of a furnace into which the oil flame is projected. 14 indicates an inner air director which is supported by the nozzle extension 15, through the screws 16, which screws are threaded into the part 17 in a manner that permits said screws to tighten against the nozzle extension 15. The numeral 18 indicates a circular disc, made of insulating material such as porcelain. The

disc 18 is provided with six small air holes 19. The dlsc 18 is secured to the part 17 by the screws 20 and is adapted to carry the spark wires 21, which wires are secured to til disc 18 b the nuts, as clearly shown in Figure 2. he wires 22 and 23 connect to the spark wires and run to the insulating block 24, which block is carried b the air receiver head 25. The air receiver ead 25 also carries the nozzle extension tube 15, which tube is held secure by the set screw 26. The numeral 27 indicates a small late which helps to prevent the burning flame around the nozzle and spark terminals. The plate 27 is shown in its true position in Figure 3. Said plate is shown approximately 90 degrees out of position in Figure 2.

I will now describe the electrical connections and control devices.

Thenumerals 28 and 29 indicate .the main power .wires. 29 runs directly to motor 1 and spark transformer 30. The wire 28 runs to motor 1 and spark transformer 30 through the rela switch 31. The high tension wires 32 an 33, of the transformer 30, run to the spark wires 34 and 35.-' The numeral 36 indicates a small transformer, which is connected to ower wires 28 and 29, and which reduces t e 110 volt circuit to about 15 volts. The numeral 37 indicates a room thermostat, which is usually placed in the living room of the house and controls the operation of the burner according to room tem erature. The wire 38 runs from the trans ormer 36, through room thermostat 37, wire 39 and relay switch 40, and back to transformer 36, thereby completing the 15 volt circuit.

When the room temperature drops so as to close the contacts on room thermostat 37 the rela switch 40 will be energized, thereby closing the switch 31 and starting the motor 1 and spark transformer 30. Fuel will be sprayed out of the nozzle 7 and air,

will be forced from the blower through the pipe 10 into the air receiver 8 and will be caused to take a rotating motion by said air receiver, and will flow to the fuel spray through air directors 11 and 14. The electric spark, at the terminals of the s ark plug, will ignite the fuel and the oil ame will burn in the combustion chamber 41. Due to the distribution of air through the air directors 11 and 14, and due to the plate 27, there will be no flame around the nozzle and spark wires-the burning of oil will start on about the line 42 of the tip 12. Due to the lack of air interferences and to the mixing of air with the fuel spray, complete combustion will take place in the chamer 41, (which chamber may be 15 inches in diameter), without the flame touching the combustion chamber. There will be no carbon deposits in the combustion chamber or around the nozzle or spark wires.

I claim 1. In an oil burning device of the class described, in combination with a spray nozack of the zle and means for an plying fuel thereto under pressure and t ereb mechanically spraying said fuel, means or igniting the fuel, means for furnishing air at low pres sure to the fuel spra to promote combustion, a mixing cone or causing the air to be mixed with the fuel spra a disc located back of the fuel nozzle an in the path of the air going to the fuel spray, said ignition means being supported by said disc, an air receiver which receives air from the air supply means and which causes said air to rapidly rotate, said air receiver having a projecting castin said casting having its outlet formed with a reduced cone-like diameter, in which is enclosed said fuel nozzle, ignition means, mixing cone and disc, said casting having no other parts back of the fuel nozzle to disturb the air currents in said casting.

2. In an oil burning device of the class described, in combination with a spray nozzle and means for supplying fuel thereto, means for igniting said fuel, means for furnishing air to the fuel spray to remote combustion, a disc located back of t e fuel spray nozzle and in the ath of the air going to the fuel spray, said disc serving to support the ignition device, a pipe for conductin fuel to said s ray nozzle, a funnel locate in the path of the air and having its large outlet pointed towards the air sup 1y means and its small outlet directed towar s the fuel spray, said fuel pipe runni serving as a support for sai disc and said funnel, an air receiving casting for receiving air from the air supply means, said air receiving casting enclosing the fuel nozzle disc and cone and said air receiving casting having a cone-like outlet of reduced diameter.

3. In an oil burning device of the class described, in combination with a spray nozzle and means for supplying fuel thereto, means for igniting the fuel, means for furnishing air to the fuel spray to promote combustion, a disc made of insulatlng material, located back of the fuel spray nozzle and in the path of the air going to the fuel spray, said disc serving to support the ignition device, a pipe for conducting fuel to the spray nozzle, :1 funnel-shaped casting, located in the path of the air and having its large outlet pointed toward the air supply means and its small outlet directed toward the fuel spray, said fuel pipe running to said fuel nozzle serving as a support for said disc and said funnel, an air receiving casting for receiving air from the air supply means, said air receiving casting enclosing the fuel nozzle disc and cone and said air receiving casting having a cone-like outlet of reduced diameter.

4. In an oil burning device of the class described in combination with a spray nozzle to said nozzle III and means for supplying fuel thereto, means for igniting the fue means for furnishing air to the fuel spray to promote combustion, a circular disc located back of the fuel nozzle and in the path of the air going to the fuel spray, said disc serving to produce eddycurrents of air and cause intimate mixing of the air and fuel spra a funnel-shaped casting located in the pat of the air on the lee side of said circular disc and having its large diameter directed toward the airsup- 1y means and. its small central outlet irected toward the fuel spray, the large end of said funnel-shaped casting being of greater diameter than the circular disc, an.

air receiving member for receiving air from the air supply means; said air receivin member enclosing the fuel nozzle, disc an cone and having a cone-like outlet, said spxray nozzle being located near the coneh e outlet so that neither the fuel spray or the burnin oil flame will contact with the wall of sai outlet.

5. In an oil burning device of the class described in combination with a spray nozzle and means for supplying fuel thereto, means for igniting the fue means for furnishing air to the fuel spray to promote combustion, a circular disc located back of the fuel nozzle and in the path of the air going to the fuel spray, said disc serving to produce eddycurrents of air and cause intimate mixing of the air and fuel spray, a funnel-shaped castin located in the ath of the air on the lee side of said circu ar disc and having its large diameter directed toward the air supply means and its small central outlet directed toward the fuel :spray, said s ray nozzle being located near the outlet 0 the funnel-shaped casting so that neither the fuel spray or the burnin oil flame will contact with the wall of sai outlet.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

LEWIS L. SCOTT. 

